ARABIC TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF COVID-19 TERMS IN THE DAILY ARABIC NEWSPAPER OF INDONESIAALYOUM.COM

As an international language, Arabic develops continuously. Arabic development in various fields was triggered by the development of science, technology, and arts. This development continues to be carried out by adapting and translating new terms, forming new terms, absorbing them from the source language, and harmonizing with Arabic rules. This research is qualitative research with a library research approach and uses the descriptive analysis method. This study aims to analyze the technical translation of the covid-19 terms in Arabic on the news page "indonesiaalyoum.com." The study found twelve Arabic terms on Covid-19 on the news page of “indonesiaalyoum.com.” Meanwhile, on the translation techniques, there are seven techniques used for the translations of covid- 19 terms on the “indonesiaalyoum.com” news page. Those techniques are borrowing, amplification, description, adaptation, transposition, and standard equivalence techniques. The more dominant technique used is the literal translation technique. It is because the Arabic translation of the Covid-19 terms adopts original words from the source language.


INTRODUCTION
Language is a system of sound symbols resulting from human speech used to communicate. 1 However, languages from one region to another have different sound-symbol systems. It is because of demographic differences and 180 Jurnal Al Mi'yar Vol. 5, No. 2 Oktober 2022 Homepage https://jurnal.stiq-amuntai.ac.id/index.php/al-miyar new terms 10 , forming new words, absorbing from the source language, and then aligning it with the rules of the Arabic language. For example, one of the exciting developments related to Arabic terms is Covid-19 terms in Arabic daily newspapers. As a new type of disease, it is necessary to have an equivalent vocabulary for words about  Previous research related to the translation of the term Covid-19 is still rarely done. For example, Asep Supianudin, in his paper, explored the misperception of the term Covid-19 which some Muslims in Indonesia perceive as a term already used in the Qur'an. According to Asep, this perception arises because of the lack of public understanding of the Arabic language itself 11 . Meanwhile, many studies related to Arabic translation techniques have been carried out 12 . In general, these studies have found a conclusion that is almost close, namely the discovery of specific translation techniques on the material object being studied 13 .

METHOD
The primary data of this research is sourced from the news page of "indonesiaalyoum.com." Researchers carefully examine each term that has relevance to this research. The steps taken are selecting news titles relevant to the study topic, looking at the news content, and underlining any words or terms about Covid-19. Afterward, the researchers sorted out the data that was 10 Mona Baker dan Gabriela Saldanha, "Arabic tradition," dalam Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies (Routledge, 2009)  . In this study, the data analysis technique used is content analysis to produce holistic meaning content in a source text 14 .

DISCUSSION Arabic Covid-19 Terms on the indonesiaalyoum.com news page
The following sections describe popular terms related to Covid-19 on the indonesiaalyoum.com news page. Researchers only took data on the Covid-19 terms, which had been translated into Indonesian. Next, the researcher will analyze the Covid-19 term translation techniques based on the theory offered by Molina and Albir. The following are the terms Covid-19 found on the indonesiaalyoum.com news page.

Pandemic
Linguistically, pandemic comes from Greek, which consists of the word pan, which means "all," and demi/demos, which means "people" 15 . A pandemic is a disease outbreak that spreads widely in various regions, continents, and even worldwide 16 .

Epidemiology
Epidemiology comes from the Greek language, which consists of "epi" and "demos". The word "epi" means "on," and the word "demos" means "the people or humans" 17 . In terms, the word epidemic means a disease that appears to be a new case in a human population and within a particular time 18 . At the same time, epidemiology studies and analyzes patterns and determinants of health conditions and diseases in specific populations Epidemic experts or often called epidemiologists are needed in taking attitudes and steps to deal with epidemics 19 . On the news page indonesiaalyoum.com, the term epidemiology in Arabic uses the phrase ‫علماء‬ ‫األوبئة‬ ('ulamā al-aubiah). The term can be found in the following text:

Corona Virus
On the news page of indonesiaalyoum.com, the term of corona virus in Arabic uses two terms, namely, " ‫"كورون‬ (kūrūnā) or with the term " ‫فريوس‬ ‫كورون‬ " (fairūs kūrūnā). The two terms are found in the following texts:

Social Distancing
Large-scale social restrictions are restrictions on activities in an area indicated to have been infected or contaminated with a disease or outbreak to 17   On the news page indonesiaalyoum.com, the term suspect corona/positive corona in Arabic uses the term " ‫"إصابة‬ (ishāba). The term is found in the following text:

Hand Sanitizer
Hand sanitizer is a liquid used to reduce pathogens or bacteria on hands 23 . On the news page indonesiaalyoum.com, the term for hand sanitizer in Arabic uses the term "

Face mask
The use of masks is an effort to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. It is because the spread of the coronavirus can be through droplets (fluid coughing, sneezing, and saliva) from someone who has been confirmed positive for the coronavirus.
On the news page indonesiaalyoum.com, the term mask in Arabic uses two terms, namely, ‫"الكمامات"‬ and ‫."أقنعة"‬ The two terms appear in the following

Disinfectant
Disinfectant is a chemical used to eradicate germs. This disinfectant liquid is also the content of the hand sanitizer 24 . The difference between hand sanitizers and disinfectants lies in their use. The disinfectant liquid has a more complex compound, so it is only used on inanimate objects that are suspected of containing viruses or germs. Meanwhile, hand sanitizer, as the name implies, can only be used on both hands.
On the news page indonesiaalyoum.com, the term disinfectant in Arabic uses the term " ‫ات‬ ‫."املطهر‬ The Arabic word of disinfectant appears in the following text:

Stay at home
The phrase stay at home is a campaign calling for the avoidance of nonessential crowds. Other terms that include the advice to stay at home are studying at home, working at home, and worshiping at home.
The Arabic term for stay at home on indonesiaalyoum.com page is " ‫البقاء‬ ‫ف‬ ‫املنزل‬ ". This term is found in the following text:

New Normal
New normal is a government campaign to invite people to adapt to a clean and healthy lifestyle. Examples of daily life in the new normal era include managing public places by providing handwashing areas with soap, getting used to wearing masks, keeping a distance, minimizing shaking hands, and other healthy behaviors.

Vaccine
A vaccine is a substance that is used to produce immunity against a disease. Vaccination, also known as immunization, aims to reduce the influence of infection from certain conditions. In this context, vaccines are used to prevent contracting COVID-19 or reduce the risk if confirmed positive for the virus.
On the news page indonesiaalyoum.com, the term vaccine in Arabic uses the term ‫."اللقاح"‬ This term is found in the following text:

SL
The news explained about the addition of positive cases of corona in Indonesia. In the news the word "positive" is translated with the word " ‫".إصابة‬ The word " ‫"إصابة‬ comes from the verb ‫اب"‬ ‫ص‬ ‫أ‬ " which means "attain or to afflict".
However, the translation of the news text on the word ‫"إصابة"‬ is adapted to the present and adapted to the context with the meaning of "positive" or "confirmed."

TL
The news conveys about the government's collaboration with experts. This collaboration is intended so that the policies issued by the government become the right policies during this COVID-19 pandemic. In the news the word "epidemiology" is translated into " ‫."األوبئة‬ Epidemiology is the study of 191 Jurnal Al Mi'yar Vol. 5, No. 2 Oktober 2022 Homepage https://jurnal.stiq-amuntai.ac.id/index.php/al-miyar patterns of spread of disease or epidemics related to health. The word ‫"األوبئة"‬ is the plural of the word ‫ء"‬ ‫اب‬ ‫."و‬ In Al-Munawir's dictionary, the word " ‫ء‬ ‫اب‬ ‫"و‬ comes from fi'il or the verb " ‫ئ‬ ِ ‫وب‬ -‫وأب‬ ‫ي‬ " means "pestillation, plague." The translation of the news text on the word ‫"األوبئة"‬ shows expertise about the spread of a disease.

SL
The news conveyed about 1.7 million workers affected by the corona virus pandemic. In the news the word ‫ء"‬ ‫اب‬ ‫"و‬ is defined by the word "pandemic".
In Al-Munawir's dictionary, the word ‫ء"‬ ‫اب‬ ‫"و‬ comes from fi'il or the verb " ‫ئ‬ ِ ‫وب‬ -‫وأب‬ ‫ي‬ " means "Pest illation, plague" (Al-Munawwir, 1997). The translation of the news text on the word ‫ء"‬ ‫اب‬ ‫"و‬ uses more general terms. The use of the word "pandemic" in this sentence shows that the epidemic or disease has become global in all layers of the world, like a pestilence. So the translator chooses to use words that are used more often.

Conclusions
There are sixteen terms of covid-19 on the indonesiaalyoum.com news page which are translated into Arabic. These terms are generally not new terms because they can be found in the Arabic dictionary, especially al-Munawwir. While in the translation technique model, seven translation techniques are used to translate covid-19 terms. The seven techniques are literal translation, borrowing, amplification, description, adaptation, transposition, and standard equivalence. The more dominant technique used