Komunikasi Religius Masyarakat Akar Rumput ‘Tak Tersentuh Media Online’

Abstract

Teknologi komunikasi memengaruhi sikap dan perilaku orang dalam beragama. Sikap dan perilaku dalam beragama masyarakat akar rumput tidak tersentuh media online adalah fenomena unik di tengah kecanggihan teknologi komunikasi yang berkembang saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan komunikasi religius masyarakat akar rumput di wilayah selatan Propinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis deskriptif-kualitatif untuk menggambarkan proses komunikasi religius masyarakat akar rumput ‘tak tersentuh media online’. Ada 40 informan yang terlibat dalam wawancara penelitian ini dengan kriteria bekerja sebagai petani, pekebun, dan nelayan yang tidak memiliki akses pada media online berbasis internet. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan bahwa proses komunikasi religius ditandai dengan elemen keyakinan, praktik, pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan harapan-pahala. Keyakinan bergerak dari ajaran agama dan memandu pertukaran ide, gagasan, dan pandangan hidup seseorang dalam komunikasi sosial. Praktik ibadah dilakukan dengan sholat, zakat, puasa, dan haji bagi yang mampu. Pengetahuan keagamaan bersumber dari ajaran agama yang disampaikan oleh kyai, guru, orang tua, dan membentuk pengalaman keagamaan yang terwujud dalam peristiwa-persitiwa magis yang dialami masyarakat. Harapan-pahala dalam komunikasi religius terwujud dalam konsep pahala-dosa seperti dalam ajaran agama. Ajaran agama memandu proses komunikasi religius dalam masyarakat. Komunikasi religius dibangun atas dasar nilai, norma, keyakinan, sikap, dan perilaku yang di atur dalam agama.

The communication technology influences people's attitudes and behavior in religion. Attitudes and behavior in religious grassroots society 'untouched by online media' is a unique phenomenon in the midst of currently developing communication technologies. This study aims to describe the religious communication of the grassroots society in the southern region of East Java Province. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative type to describe the process of religious communication in grassroots society 'untouched by online media'. There were 40 informants who were involved in this research interview with the criteria of working as farmers and fishermen who did not have internet access. The results of the study describe that the process of religious communication is characterized by elements of belief, practice, knowledge, experience, and reward-expectations. Beliefs move from religious teachings and guide the exchange of ideas and views of one's life in social communication. The practice of worship is carried out by praying, zakat, fasting, and hajj for those who can afford it. Religious knowledge comes from religious teachings conveyed by kyai, teachers, parents, and forms religious experiences that are manifested in magical events experienced by the community. The expectations-rewards in religious communication are manifested in the concept of reward- wickedness as in religious teachings. Religious teachings guide the process of religious communication in society. Religious communication is built on the basis of values, norms, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are regulated in religion.