Sebuah Studi Systematic Literature Review: Efektivitas Metode Pembelajaran di Jepang dan Indonesia dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan Abad ke-21 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan di Jepang dan Indonesia serta menganalisis konsistensi penerapannya dan dampaknya terhadap pengembangan keterampilan 4C dalam konteks pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan protokol PRISMA, melalui analisis terhadap 20 artikel ilmiah terbitan tahun 2015–2025 yang diperoleh dari basis data Scopus dan Google Scholar. Analisis difokuskan pada lima aspek utama: jenis metode, strategi implementasi di kelas, peran guru dan siswa, keterlibatan kognitif, serta keterkaitan metode dengan pencapaian keterampilan 4C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jepang secara konsisten menerapkan metode seperti lesson study dan pembelajaran reflektif, yang menekankan kolaborasi dan kedalaman pemahaman. Sebaliknya, di Indonesia ditemukan kecenderungan penggunaan metode yang beragam namun belum disertai dengan penerapan yang stabil dan reflektif. Temuan ini mengindikasikan pentingnya membangun praktik pembelajaran yang berkesinambungan dan berbasis refleksi dalam konteks madrasah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas metode pembelajaran tidak hanya ditentukan oleh variasinya, tetapi lebih pada konsistensi, kualitas implementasi, dan kesesuaiannya dengan konteks kebutuhan peserta didik. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi keilmuan dengan menyediakan landasan berbasis data yang dapat digunakan untuk merancang strategi pembelajaran yang lebih kontekstual dan berkelanjutan di lingkungan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/am.v9i4.5100
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