The Concept of the Experts of the Book in QS. Al-Baqarah and Al-Ma'idah: Comparative Analysis of the Interpretations of Al-Manar and Al-Azhar
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep Ahl al-Kitab dalam Tafsir Al-Manar dan Tafsir Al-Azhar melalui kajian komparatif terhadap QS. Al-Baqarah [2]:75 dan QS. Al-Ma’idah [5]:5. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan tafsir tematik-komparatif (muqāran). Sumber utama penelitian adalah Tafsir Al-Manar karya Muhammad Rasyid Ridha dan Tafsir Al-Azhar karya Buya Hamka, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari buku, artikel ilmiah, tesis, dan penelitian terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua tafsir sama-sama menolak generalisasi terhadap Ahl al-Kitab dan menekankan penilaian berdasarkan sikap serta perilaku. Al-Manar cenderung rasional-reformis dengan kritik terhadap penyalahgunaan otoritas keagamaan dan penekanan pada keterbukaan sosial, sedangkan Al-Azhar lebih kontekstual-kultural dengan perhatian pada moralitas, kehati-hatian, dan realitas masyarakat plural. Kedua tafsir juga menegaskan kebolehan interaksi sosial tertentu dengan Ahl al-Kitab sepanjang tidak mengaburkan prinsip akidah dan etika Islam. Temuan ini memperlihatkan bahwa perbedaan latar intelektual dan sosial menghasilkan penekanan interpretatif yang berbeda namun saling melengkapi dalam membangun pemahaman Ahl al-Kitab yang proporsional dan kontekstual.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/aq.v20i5.7394
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